Reindeer are among the few surviving Ice Age ungulates. They are successfully adapted for artic/sub-artic regions from Mongolia, Russia, Scandinavia, Canada, to the US. Adaptive hoofs allow them to walk on, dig in deep snows for food, or traverse soft ground. Cows delay fetal development allowing spring births for better milk production. Females, like males, have horns to protect their young. Westerners caught and bred reindeer to enhance quality and size 30,000 years ago.